Izindaba

Ukukhethwa kokwelashwa okungaphezulu kuyinkinga wonke umklami abhekana nayo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinketho zokwelashwa kwendawo etholakalayo, futhi umklami wezinga eliphezulu akufanele acabangele umnotho kanye nokusebenza komklamo, kodwa futhi anake inqubo yokuhlanganisa ngisho nezidingo zemvelo. Ngezansi kunesethulo esifushane kwezinye izimbobo zokubopha ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezisuselwe ezimisweni ezingenhla, ukuze kusetshenziswe abasebenza ngezinsimbi.

1. I-Electrogalvanizing

I-Zinc iwukunamathela okuvame ukusetshenziselwa izinsimbi zokuthengisa. Intengo ishibhile, futhi ukubukeka kuhle. Imibala evamile ihlanganisa okumnyama nokuluhlaza kwezempi. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwayo kwe-anti-corrosion kuyisilinganiso, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kwe-anti-corrosion kuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezingqimba ze-zinc plating (coating). Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi sensimbi kwenziwa kungakapheli amahora angama-72, futhi ama-agent akhethekile okuvalwa kwawo asetshenziswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi kuthatha amahora angaphezu kwama-200. Kodwa-ke, intengo iyabiza, okuyizikhathi ezingu-5-8 kunezinsimbi ezijwayelekile zama-galvanized.

Inqubo ye-electrogalvanizing ithambekele ekugqitheni kwe-hydrogen, ngakho-ke amabhawodi angaphezu kwebanga le-10.9 ngokuvamile awaphathwa ngokufaka uthayela. Nakuba i-hydrogen ingakhishwa kusetshenziswa kuhhavini ngemva kokucwetshwa, ifilimu yokudlulisa izolimala emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-60 ℃, ngakho ukukhishwa kwe-hydrogen kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kwe-electroplating nangaphambi kokudlula. Lokhu akusebenzi kahle kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula. Eqinisweni, izitshalo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza aziyisusi i-hydrogen ngaphandle uma kugunyazwe amakhasimende athile.

Ukungaguquguquki phakathi kwe-torque namandla okuqinisa ngaphambili wezibophelelo zikathayela kubi futhi akuzinzile, futhi ngokuvamile azisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungaguquguquki kokulayishwa kuqala kwe-torque, indlela yokugcoba izinto zokugcoba ngemuva kokucwenga ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ukuvumelana kokulayisha kuqala kwetorque.

2. Phosphating

Umgomo oyisisekelo ukuthi i-phosphating ishibhile kune-galvanizing, kodwa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kubi kakhulu kunokwenza uthayela. Ngemuva kwe-phosphating, uwoyela kufanele usetshenziswe, futhi ukumelana kwawo nokugqwala kuhlobene eduze nokusebenza kwamafutha asetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, ngemuva kwe-phosphating, sebenzisa amafutha ajwayelekile e-anti rust futhi uqhube ukuhlolwa kwesifutho sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi amahora angu-10-20 kuphela. Ukufaka uwoyela we-anti rust wezinga eliphezulu kungathatha amahora angama-72-96. Kodwa intengo yayo iphindwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 kuwoyela we-phosphating jikelele.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-phosphating zezinsimbi, i-zinc-based phosphating kanye ne-manganese esekelwe phosphating. I-phosphating esekelwe ku-Zinc inokusebenza okungcono kokugcobisa kune-phosphating esekelwe ku-manganese, futhi i-phosphating esekelwe ku-manganese inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono nokumelana nokugqokwa kunokufakwa kwe-zinc. Ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-225 kuya ku-400 degrees Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Ikakhulukazi ekuxhumaneni kwezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile. Okufana nokuxhuma amabhawodi wezinduku namantongomane enjini, ikhanda lesilinda, ukuthwala okuyinhloko, amabhawudi e-flywheel, amabhawodi amasondo namantongomane, njll.

Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu asebenzisa i-phosphating, engagwema nezinkinga ze-hydrogen embrittlement. Ngakho-ke, amabhawodi angaphezu kwebanga le-10.9 emkhakheni wezimboni ngokuvamile asebenzisa ukwelashwa kwendawo ye-phosphating.

3. I-oxidation (iba mnyama)

I-Blackening+oiling iyi-coating edumile yezinsimbi zasezimbonini ngoba ishibhile futhi ibukeka iyinhle ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ngenxa yokuba mnyama kwayo, cishe ayinakho ikhono lokuvimbela ukugqwala, ngakho izogqwala ngokushesha ngaphandle kwamafutha. Ngisho nalapho kukhona amafutha, ukuhlolwa kwe-salt spray kungahlala amahora angu-3-5 kuphela.

4. Electroplating ukwahlukanisa

I-Cadmium plating inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemkhathini wasolwandle, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu. Izindleko zokwelashwa koketshezi olungcolile ohlelweni lwe-electroplating cadmium ziphezulu, futhi intengo yayo icishe ibe izikhathi eziyi-15-20 kune-electroplating zinc. Ngakho-ke ayisetshenziselwa izimboni ezijwayelekile, kuphela ezindaweni ezithile. Izinto zokubopha ezisetshenziselwa amapulatifomu okumba uwoyela kanye nezindiza ze-HNA.

5. I-Chromium Plating

Ukufakwa kwe-chromium kuzinzile kakhulu emkhathini, akulula ukushintsha umbala nokulahlekelwa ukucwebezela, futhi kunobunzima obuphezulu nokumelana nokugqokwa okuhle. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-chromium plating kuma-fasteners ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa. Ayivamisile ukusetshenziswa emikhakheni yezimboni enezidingo eziphakeme zokumelana nokugqwala, njengoba izinsimbi ezinhle ezifakwe nge-chrome zibiza ngokulinganayo njengensimbi engagqwali. Kuphela uma amandla ensimbi engagqwali enganele, kusetshenziswa izixhumi ezine-chrome plated.

Ukuze uvimbele ukugqwala, ithusi ne-nickel kufanele kuhlanganiswe kuqala ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-chrome. Ukufakwa kwe-chromium kungamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu angu-1200 degrees Fahrenheit (650 ℃). Kodwa kuphinde kube nenkinga ye-hydrogen embrittlement, efana ne-electrogalvanizing.

6. I-Nickel Plating

Ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa ezindaweni ezidinga kokubili i-anti-corrosion kanye ne-conductivity enhle. Isibonelo, amatheminali aphumayo amabhethri emoto.

7. I-Hot-dip galvanizing

I-Hot dip galvanizing iyinalethi eshisayo yokusabalalisa i-zinc eshiselwe oketshezini. Ubukhulu bokunamathela buphakathi kuka-15 no-100 μ m. Futhi akulula ukuyilawula, kodwa inokumelana nokugqwala okuhle futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kubunjiniyela. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka amadiphu ashisayo, kuba nokungcola okukhulu, okuhlanganisa udoti we-zinc kanye nomhwamuko we-zinc.

Ngenxa yokujiya okujiyile, kubangele ubunzima ekugoqeni imicu yangaphakathi neyangaphandle kuzixhumi. Ngenxa yezinga lokushisa le-hot-dip galvanizing processing, ayikwazi ukusetshenziselwa izibophelelo ezingaphezu kwebanga le-10.9 (340~500 ℃).

8. Ukungena kweZinc

Ukungena kwe-Zinc kuwuphawu oluqinile lwe-metallurgical thermal diffusion ye-zinc powder. Ukufana kwayo kuhle, futhi ungqimba olufanayo lungatholakala kuzo zombili izintambo nezimbobo eziyimpumputhe. Ubukhulu be-plating buyi-10-110 μ m. Futhi iphutha lingalawulwa ku-10%. Amandla ayo okubopha kanye nokusebenza kwe-anti-corrosion ne-substrate kungcono kakhulu embotsheni ye-zinc (njenge-electrogalvanizing, i-hot-dip galvanizing, ne-Dacromet). Inqubo yayo yokucubungula ayingcolisi futhi ihambisana kakhulu nemvelo.

9. I-Dacromet

Ayikho inkinga ye-hydrogen embrittlement, futhi ukusebenza kokuvumelana kokulayisha kuqala kwe-torque kuhle kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokucabangela izinkinga ze-chromium nezemvelo, i-Dacromet empeleni ifaneleka kakhulu izixhumi ezinamandla ezinezidingo eziphezulu zokulwa nokubola.