Ukukhethwa kokwelashwa komhlaba kuyinkinga ukuthi wonke umklami abhekene nawo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinketho zokwelashwa ezingaphezulu komhlaba, futhi umqambi weleveli ephezulu akufanele abheke kuphela umnotho nokusebenziseka kokwakheka, kodwa futhi anake inqubo yomhlangano kanye nezidingo zemvelo. Ngezansi kwesingeniso esifushane kwezinye izimbozo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zama-fasteners ezisuselwa ezimisweni ezingenhla, ukuze zibhekwe ngabasebenzi be-fastener.
1. I-Electrogalvanvanvanving
I-zinc iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu ye-fasteners yezentengiso. Intengo ishibhile, futhi ukubukeka kuhle. Imibala ejwayelekile ifaka luhlaza omnyama nolwezempi. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwayo kokulwa nokukhulisa kuphakathi, futhi ukusebenza kwalo kokulwa nokuwohloka kuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezendlalelo ze-zinc (coating). Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-halfalt okusawoti kwensimbi ye-galvanized kwenziwa kungakapheli amahora angama-72, futhi ama-ejenti akhethekile wokubopha asetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesawoti okungapheli kuze kube amahora angaphezu kwama-200. Kodwa-ke, intengo iyabiza, okuyi-5-8 times leyo yensimbi evamile ye-galvanized.
Inqubo ye-electrogalvanvaling ithambekele ekulweni ne-hydrogen, ngakho-ke ama-bolts ngenhla kweBanga eli-10,9 ajwayele ukwelashwa nge-galvaning. Yize i-hydrogen ingasuswa kusetshenziswa i-oveni ngemuva kokufakwa kwamathemfucu, ifilimu yokudlula izolinyazwa emazingeni okushisa angenhla kwama-60 ℃, ngakho-ke ukususwa kwe-hydrogen kumele kwenziwe ngemuva kokuhamba nge-electroplating nangaphambi kokuphela. Lokhu kunokusebenza okungekho emthethweni nezindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula. Eqinisweni, izitshalo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile azisusi ngentshiseko i-hydrogen ngaphandle kokuthi zinikezwe amakhasimende athile.
Ukuvumelana phakathi kwe-torque namandla okuqinisa kwangaphambi kokuqina kwama-fasteners we-galvanized ampofu futhi awazinzi, futhi ngokuvamile awasetshenziselwa ukuxhuma izingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukuze uthuthukise ukuvumelana kwe-torque preload, indlela yokuthambisa izinto zokugcoba ngemuva kokufakwa kwethafa kungasetjenziselwa ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ukuvumelana kwe-torque preload.
2. Phosphating
Isimiso esiyisisekelo ukuthi i-phosphating ishibhile kakhulu kune-galvaning, kepha ukumelana kwawo ukugqwala kubi kakhulu kune-galvaning. Ngemuva kwe-phosphating, kufanele kusetshenziswe uwoyela, futhi ukumelana kwawo kokugqwala kuhlobene kakhulu nokwenziwa kwamafutha asetshenzisiwe. Isibonelo, ngemuva kokuxoxisana, ukusebenzisa i-general anti rustworwoy kanye nokwenza isivivinyo sikasawoti esingathathi hlangothi samahora ayi-10-20 kuphela. Ukusebenzisa uwoyela webanga lokulwa nebanga eliphezulu kungathatha amahora angama-72-96. Kepha intengo yayo izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ezinamafutha ajwayelekile we-phosphating.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-phosphating for fasteners, i-zinc based phosphating kanye ne-manganese esekelwe kwi-phosphating. I-Zinc esuselwe i-phosphating inokudla okungcono kokuthambisa ukwedlula indlela ye-mananganese esekelwe kwi-phosphating, kanye ne-mossese ye-phosphating inokumelana okungcono kokugqwala kanye nokuvimbela ukumelana no-zinc. Ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-225 kuya ku-400 degrees Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Ikakhulukazi ukuxhumeka kwezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Njengokuxhuma ama-bolts ama-rod namantongomane enjini, ikhanda le-cylinder, ukuthwala okuphezulu, ama-flywheel bolts, ama-bolts amasondo namantongomane, njll.
Ama-bolts anamandla aphezulu asebenzisa i-phosphating, engagwema nezinkinga ze-hydrogen eMbrittlement. Ngakho-ke, ama-bolts ngenhla kwebanga le-10.9 ensimini yezimboni ngokuvamile asebenzisa ukwelashwa komhlaba we-phosphating.
3. I-Oxidation (Emnyama)
I-Blearning + I-Oruing iyinhlanganisela ethandwayo ye-fasteners yezimboni ngoba ishibhile futhi ibukeka kahle ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kwamafutha. Ngenxa yokwehla kwayo, cishe awekho ikhono lokuvimbela ukugqwala, ngakho-ke kuzogqekeza ngokushesha ngaphandle kwamafutha. Ngisho nasebusweni bukawoyela, ukuhlolwa kosawoti okusawoti kungahlala amahora angama-3-5 kuphela.
4. Ukuhlukaniswa nge-electroplating
I-Cadmium Plating inokumelana kahle nokugqwala okuhle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemanzini zasolwandle, kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingaphezulu. Izindleko zokwelashwa okuwuketshezi enqubweni ye-electroplating cadmium ziphezulu, kanti intengo yayo ingama-15-20 izikhathi ze-electroplating zinc. Ngakho-ke ayisetshenziswa ezimboni ezijwayelekile, kuphela ngezindawo ezithile. Ama-Fasteners asetshenziselwa amapulatifomu okumba kawoyela nendiza ye-HNA.
I-5. I-Chromium Plating
I-Chromium Coatium iqinile emoyeni, hhayi kulula ukuyishintsha umbala futhi ilahlekelwe yi-luster, futhi inobunzima obuphezulu nokumelana okuhle kokugqokwa okuhle. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-chromium plating kuma-fasteners ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izinhloso zokuhlobisa. Akuvamile ukuthi isetshenziswe emasimini ezimboni ngezidingo eziphezulu zokuphikiswa, njengoba ama-fasteners ama-chrome plated abiza ngokulinganayo njengensimbi engenasici. Kuphela lapho amandla ensimbi engenasici awanele, ama-fasteners we-chrome asetshenziswa esikhundleni salokho.
Ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ithusi ne-nickel kufanele kufakwe kuqala ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-chrome. I-chromium coatium ingamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu angu-1200 degrees Fahrenheit Celsius. Kepha futhi kunenkinga ye-hydrogen emoflylement, efana ne-electrogalvanvaling.
6. I-Nickel Plating
Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezidinga ukuthuthuka okulwa nokuwohloka nokuvuselelwa okuhle. Isibonelo, ama-terminals aphumayo amabhethri ezimoto.
7
I-hot dip galvaning iyinhlanganisela yokungenisa eshisayo eshisayo ye-zinc ifudumele kuketshezi. Ukuqina kokuhlanganisa kuphakathi kuka-15 no-100 μ. Futhi akulula ukulawula, kepha kunokumelana kahle nokugqwala futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa enjiniyela. Ngesikhathi senqubo eshisayo ye-dip galvaning, kunokungcola okukhulu, kufaka phakathi imfucuza ye-zinc kanye ne-zinc vapor.
Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa okuwugqinsi, kudale ubunzima ekushayweni kwentambo yangaphakathi nangaphandle kuma-fasteners. Ngenxa yokushisa kokusebenza okushisayo kwe-galvaning ukucubungula, akunakusetshenziselwa ama-fasteners ngenhla kwebanga le-10,9 (340 ~ 500 ℃).
8. I-Zinc Infiltration
I-Zinc Infiltration iyinhlangano eqinile ye-metallurgical thermal yokugcoba ye-zinc powder. Ukufana kwayo kuhle, futhi ungqimba oluyunifomu lungatholwa kuyo yomibili imicu nezimbobo eziyimpumputhe. Ukuqina kwamapayipi kungu-10-110 μ m. Futhi iphutha lingalawulwa ngo-10%. Amandla awo ahlanganisa izibopho nokusebenza kokulwa nokuwohloka nge-substrate ahamba phambili e-Zinc Coatings (njenge-electrogalvaning, hot-dip galvaning, ne-dacromet). Inqubo yayo yokucubungula ayinakungcola futhi inobungane kakhulu imvelo.
9. I-DACROMET
Ayikho inkinga ye-hydrogen effitlement, kanye nokusebenza okuguquguqukayo okuguquguqukayo okuguqukayo kuhle kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokubheka izingqinamba ze-chromium nezemvelo, i-DACROMET empeleni ilungele kakhulu ama-fasteners anamandla aphezulu ngezidingo eziphezulu zokulwa nokuwohloka.
Isikhathi Sokuposa: Meyi-19-2023
