Ukukhetha ukwelashwa kwendawo kuyinkinga ebhekene nawo wonke umklami. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinketho zokwelapha indawo ezitholakalayo, futhi umklami osezingeni eliphezulu akufanele nje acabangele umnotho kanye nokusebenza kahle komklamo, kodwa futhi anake inqubo yokuhlanganisa ngisho nezidingo zemvelo. Ngezansi kunesingeniso esifushane kwezinye izembozo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zezibambo ezisekelwe ezimisweni ezingenhla, ukuze kubhekwe kuzo ochwepheshe bezibambo.
1. Ukufakwa kwe-electrogalvanizing
I-Zinc iyisimbozo esivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-fasteners ezentengiselwano. Intengo ishibhile, futhi ukubukeka kwayo kuhle. Imibala evamile ifaka phakathi okumnyama nokuluhlaza okwezempi. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwayo kokulwa nokugqwala kujwayelekile, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kokulwa nokugqwala kuphansi kakhulu phakathi kwezingqimba ze-zinc plating (coating). Ngokuvamile, ukuhlolwa kwe-neutral salt spray yensimbi ehlanganisiwe kwenziwa zingakapheli amahora angu-72, futhi ama-sealing agents akhethekile nawo asetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-neutral salt spray kuhlala amahora angaphezu kwangu-200. Kodwa-ke, intengo ibiza kakhulu, okuphindwe ka-5-8 kunensimbi ejwayelekile ehlanganisiwe.
Inqubo yokugaya i-electromagnetic ivame ukubhidlika nge-hydrogen, ngakho-ke amabhawodi angaphezu kwebanga le-10.9 ngokuvamile awaphathwa nge-galvanizing. Nakuba i-hydrogen ingasuswa kusetshenziswa ihhavini ngemva kokufaka i-plating, ifilimu yokudlulisa izolimala emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-60 ℃, ngakho-ke ukususwa kwe-hydrogen kumele kwenziwe ngemva kokufaka i-electromagnetic nangaphambi kokufaka i-passivation. Lokhu kunamandla okusebenza kahle kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula. Eqinisweni, izitshalo zokukhiqiza ezijwayelekile azisusi i-hydrogen ngenkuthalo ngaphandle kokuthi kudingeke amakhasimende athile.
Ukuvumelana phakathi kwe-torque kanye namandla okuqinisa ama-fasteners aqinile akulungile futhi akuzinzile, futhi ngokuvamile awasetshenziswa ukuxhuma izingxenye ezibalulekile. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufana kokulayisha i-torque kusengaphambili, indlela yokumboza izinto zokugcoba ngemva kokufaka i-plating ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa nokuthuthukisa ukufana kokulayisha i-torque kusengaphambili.
2. Ukuphosphata
Isimiso esiyisisekelo ukuthi i-phosphating ishibhile kakhulu kune-galvanizing, kodwa ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kubi kakhulu kune-galvanizing. Ngemva kwe-phosphating, kufanele kufakwe uwoyela, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuhlobene kakhulu nokusebenza kwamafutha asetshenziswayo. Isibonelo, ngemva kwe-phosphating, ukusebenzisa uwoyela ojwayelekile wokulwa nokugqwala kanye nokwenza isivivinyo sokufutha usawoti ongathathi hlangothi amahora ayi-10-20 kuphela. Ukusebenzisa uwoyela wokulwa nokugqwala wezinga eliphezulu kungathatha amahora angama-72-96. Kodwa intengo yayo iphindwe ka-2-3 kune-oyela ojwayelekile we-phosphating.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa ze-phosphating kuma-fasteners, i-phosphating esekelwe ku-zinc kanye ne-phosphating esekelwe ku-manganese. I-phosphating esekelwe ku-zinc isebenza kahle kakhulu ekugcobeni kune-phosphating esekelwe ku-manganese, kanti i-phosphating esekelwe ku-manganese inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kune-zinc plating. Ingasetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-225 kuya ku-400 degrees Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Ikakhulukazi ekuxhumeni ezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile. Njengezinkinobho zokuxhumanisa amabhawodi nama-nuts enjini, ikhanda lesilinda, i-main bearing, ama-flywheel bolts, ama-wheel bolts nama-nuts, njll.
Amabhawodi anamandla aphezulu asebenzisa i-phosphating, okungagwema nezinkinga zokuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen. Ngakho-ke, amabhawodi angaphezu kwebanga le-10.9 emkhakheni wezimboni ngokuvamile asebenzisa ukwelashwa kwendawo ye-phosphating.
3. Ukushiswa kwe-oksijini (ukwenza kube mnyama)
Ukufaka i-blackening+oiling kuyindlela ethandwayo yokubopha izikhonkwane zezimboni ngoba ishibhile futhi ibukeka kahle ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ngenxa yokushintsha kwayo i-blackening, cishe ayinawo amandla okuvimbela ukugqwala, ngakho-ke izogqwala ngokushesha ngaphandle kukaphethiloli. Ngisho noma kukhona uwoyela, ukuhlolwa kokufutha usawoti kungahlala amahora angu-3-5 kuphela.
4. Ukuhlukanisa nge-electroplating
I-Cadmium plating inokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemoyeni, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokwelapha zangaphezulu. Izindleko zokwelashwa koketshezi olungcolile enkambisweni ye-electroplating i-cadmium ziphakeme, futhi intengo yayo icishe ibe izikhathi ezingu-15-20 kune-zinc electroplating. Ngakho-ke ayisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezijwayelekile, kuphela ezindaweni ezithile. Izinamathiseli ezisetshenziselwa amapulatifomu okubhoboza uwoyela kanye nezindiza ze-HNA.
5. Ukufakwa kwe-Chromium
Isembozo se-chromium sizinzile kakhulu emoyeni, akulula ukushintsha umbala nokulahlekelwa ukukhanya, futhi sinobulukhuni obuphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-chromium plating kuma-fasteners ngokuvamile kusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa. Akuvamile ukusetshenziswa emasimini ezimboni anezidingo eziphezulu zokumelana nokugqwala, njengoba ama-fasteners amahle e-chrome plated ebiza ngokulinganayo njengensimbi engagqwali. Kuphela uma amandla ensimbi engagqwali enganele, kusetshenziswa ama-fasteners e-chrome plated esikhundleni salokho.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala, ithusi kanye ne-nickel kufanele kufakwe kuqala ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-chrome. Isembozo se-chromium singamelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu angu-1200 degrees Fahrenheit (650 ℃). Kodwa kukhona nenkinga yokuqothuka kwe-hydrogen, okufana nokusetshenziswa kwe-electrogalvanizing.
6. Ukufakwa kwe-nickel
Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezidinga kokubili ukulwa nokugqwala kanye nokuqhuba kahle. Isibonelo, amatheminali aphumayo amabhethri emoto.
7. Ukushisa nge-galvanizing
I-hot dip galvanizing iyi-thermal diffusion coating ye-zinc eshiswe ibe uketshezi. Ubukhulu be-coating buphakathi kuka-15 no-100 μ m. Futhi akulula ukuyilawula, kodwa inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kwezobunjiniyela. Ngesikhathi senqubo ye-hot dip galvanizing, kuba nokungcola okukhulu, okuhlanganisa imfucuza ye-zinc kanye nomhwamuko we-zinc.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bengubo, ibangele ubunzima ekuqiniseni izintambo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle kuma-fasteners. Ngenxa yokushisa kokucubungula i-hot-dip galvanizing, ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuma-fasteners angaphezu kwebanga le-10.9 (340~500 ℃).
8. Ukungena kwe-zinc
Ukungena kwe-zinc kuyi-coating eqinile yokusabalala kokushisa kwensimbi ye-zinc powder. Ukufana kwayo kuhle, futhi ungqimba olufanayo lungatholakala kokubili ezintanjeni nasezimbobeni ezingaboni. Ubukhulu be-plating bungu-10-110 μ m. Futhi iphutha lingalawulwa ku-10%. Amandla ayo okubopha kanye nokusebenza kokulwa nokugqwala ne-substrate kungcono kakhulu ekumbozweni kwe-zinc (njengokusebenzisa i-electrogalvanizing, i-hot-dip galvanizing, kanye ne-Dacromet). Inqubo yayo yokucubungula ayinayo ingcoliso futhi inobungani kakhulu nemvelo.
9. I-Dacromet
Ayikho inkinga yokuphazamiseka kwe-hydrogen, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwe-torque preload kuhle kakhulu. Ngaphandle kokucabangela izinkinga ze-chromium kanye nezemvelo, i-Dacromet empeleni ifaneleka kakhulu kuma-fasteners anamandla aphezulu anezidingo eziphezulu zokulwa nokugqwala.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-19-2023
